• Written in accordance with the needs of the present existing syllabus prescribed for the nursing course at degree level. • Information provided is based on established knowledge and practice and backed by scientific principles • Every attempt has been made to maintain simplicity and lucidity of language and style • Designed to provide nursing students with the knowledge and skill they need to become competent, think critically and possess the sensitivity to become caring nurses. • This book will serve as good source not only for nursing students but also a source reference and revision to the nurses who are in service and educational settings.