This book MDR and XDR Tuberculosis is written with the aim of defining a practical approach to every aspect of drug-resistant tuberculosis especially multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) and extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis (XDR-TB). Chapters practically covers all the aspects of drug-resistance tuberculosis including MDR and XDR-TB ranging from epidemiology, diagnosis and practical approach to the treatment of MDR and XDR-TB including HIV and DR-TB. Special chapters on case-based approach to treatment of MDR-TB have also been included. Chapter on DR-TB in children, DR-TB in extrapulmonary tuberculosis, flouroquinolone resistance, infection control in DR-TB and newer antituberculosis drug are also included. Chapters have been written in the background of current literature and practical experience gained from day-to-day dealing with different patients suffering from drug-resistant tuberculosis. Advances up to 2013 have been included making all the chapters well referenced with the latest references. Undergraduate, postgraduate medical students, practitioners and program managers in TB control will find this book as practical guide.