The field of paediatric anaesthesia continues to evolve rapidly, driven by advancements in technology, refined surgical techniques, and a growing body of clinical research. This edition addresses a wide range of key topics, including updates in airway management, perioperative cardiac arrest, and minimally invasive surgical procedures in paediatric patients. Recognising the increasing complexity of paediatric care, this volume also covers specialised areas such as ex utero intrapartum treatment (EXIT) procedures, massive transfusion protocols, fluid management strategies, and enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) programs. Furthermore, it explores advances in pharmacological therapies, including the safe use of vasopressors, inotropes, and total intravenous anaesthesia, along with the prevention and management of local anaesthetic toxicity. In addition to clinical topics, the book addresses essential aspects of practice that are often underrepresented in traditional literature. These include the management of emergencies in non-operating room settings, trauma care, and approaches to anaesthesia in resource-constrained environments. Dedicated chapters also focus on soft skills, patient consent, paediatric patient rights, and ethical considerations in both clinical practice and research, reflecting the importance of a holistic, patient-centred approach. The evolving educational landscape of paediatric anaesthesia is also explored, offering insight into curriculum advancements and training methodologies. This volume is intended to support anaesthesiologists, surgeons, critical care physicians, and all practitioners engaged in paediatric perioperative care. We hope that the content of this book will not only enhance clinical knowledge but also inspire further research, innovation, and excellence in paediatric anaesthesia.